N.Z. "I'll think of my children first, and pray.". Despite thick beech forest and swamp "well worth steering clear of", there are walking tracks in the area. Each time it breaks in an earthquake, it has also moved upwards. This set of faults, which includes the Wairau Fault, the Ho… 7. The PSZ has accommodated most of the Alpine Fault’s strike-slip movement in the past, and will do so again in the future. There is also a chance the redistribution of stress may cause other faults around the central South Island to generate quakes of comparable magnitude to the largest aftershocks. On the other hand there have been a number of His advantage was that coming from the UK he wasn't wedded to a particular way of thinking about it. The movement of the New Zealand continental block also resulted in a marine transgression and by the Oligocene period (about 35 million years ago) most of the country was submerged. Then "nothing" happened for tens of millions of years, Lamb said. A zone of uncertainty is shown in association with the mapping of the main rupture trace. Smile Machines. "I don't think anybody in their wildest dreams would have thought that displacements on the fault could be so large, and also change direction so dramatically through time," Associate Professor Dr Simon Lamb, from Victoria's School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, said. The movement of the two plates results and a LOT of earthquakes. But the point of this image is to tell you we are very late on in the seismic cycle of the Alpine Fault.". The researchers made the discovery by looking at geological maps together with studies of the direction of magnetisation in the rocks. But it is worth remembering the devastation from the Kaikōura quake would pale in comparison with what is expected in the Alpine Fault quake. It suggests that when the Alpine Fault moves, it most likely moves in large jumps of several metres and that this occurs in big earthquakes. Alpine Fault quake expected NZASE article 2019 Scientists estimate a 30 percent likelihood in the next 50 years of a magnitude 8 or higher (M8+) earth-quake along 400km of the Alpine Fault, a strength about three times greater than the 7.8 Kaikoura quake in 2016. The Pacific Plate is upthrust on the left, with the Australian Plate on the right of the scarp. There is now a 27 per cent chance of an Alpine Fault earthquake occurring in the next 50 years. Linear and asymmetric ranges developed in the footwalls of normal faults that were reactivated after the main phase of Mesozoic rifting, but prior to the Late Cenozoic glaciations. In geology, a fault is a planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock across which there has been significant displacement as a result of rock-mass movements. The fault runs northeast from the northern side of the entrance to Milford Sound, along the western side of the Southern Alps for about 800 kilometres before morphing into the Marlborough fault system. When land along a fault has ruptured, it may produce a break in the surface, known as a fault scarp. Each time it has ruptured, it has also moved vertically, lifting the Southern Alps in the process. The physical environment along the Alpine Fault is very challenging with annual rainfall of 5-8 metres and steep slopes that are prone to landsliding, which obscures the fault in many locations. Compared with the expected magnitude 8-plus quake, the magnitude 5.5 was "in the noise" and less likely to signal something than perhaps a magnitude 6.5 might have, he says. Would that be a possible sign? There are a lot of serious faces as the grim scenario is explained. Horizontal movement of the Alpine Fault is about 30m per 1,000 years — very fast by global standards. Have scientists discussed what clues might tip them off to an impending major Alpine Fault quake? Franz Josef residents now have a good appreciation of the fault in their midst so there is little point going over old ground, Langridge tells them. It was certainly very close, but that is not unusual – there are a lot of smaller active faults in that region. Then I climbed the steps to see him, he patiently explained once more the movement on the Alpine Fault, which had seemed so clear to him but which took others years more to see. There is no way of predicting exactly when an earthquake will happen. The Alpine Fault ruptures in a massive earthquake every 300 years, on average, and the last big one was in 1717. Other slips formed post-quake lakes behind rock dams, which posed a major hazard when they failed and released tonnes of water downhill. Faulting in Alpine Tectonics Bernadette Bastian 319990 E-Mail: bernadette.bastian@rwth-aachen.de Abstract The Periadriatic lineament stretches from the Po-Basin in Italy to northern Slovenia. They move at a relative rate of about 45mm per year. Whataroa's Alpine Fault Tours takes people to the well-known exposure of the fault at the nearby Gaunt Creek. ALPINE FAULT ... dominant movement on the fault is horizontal as shown by circle symbols at the base of the figure (arrow away/towards). The extent of the movement was worked out by researchers from Victoria University and GNS Science, with the findings published in the American Geophysical Union journal G-Cubed. From space it looks like a straight line but in reality it is made up of a number of slightly curvy connecting strands, some of which are classified "active" and others as historic. It had been thought movement along the Alpine Fault was getting faster. It has shaped the South Island in so many ways, she says. Without it, there would be no uplift forming the Southern Alps, no rain forest and unique fauna on the western side of the divide, no hot foehn nor'wester blasting down the Canterbury Plains. The Australian plate is sliding horizontally towards the north-east, at the same time as the Pacific plate is pushing up, forming the Southern Alps. In the past 25 million years, the two sides of the South Island have shifted more than 700 kilometres relative to each other along the Alpine Fault. The result is a major earthquake along the Alpine fault. The watch's second hand is now within 10 seconds of the same mark. You only need to look at the slips on the range front around Whataroa and Harihari from storms earlier this year to get a sense of what an Alpine Fault quake will do to unstable slopes and rivers, he says. Locally, a small vertical component of up-to-the-west movement is observed. The Alpine Fault is a geological fault, known as a right-lateral strike-slip fault, that runs almost the entire length of New Zealand's South Island. Fault movement can also offset landscape features, and streams may develop right-angle bends where they cross faults. There are no volcanoes because those are created from convergent plate boundary subduction. The place which will be split apart by titanic forces when the Alpine Fault can't take the pressure anymore. strike-slip movement on the Alpine Fault. GNS Science earthquake geologist Robert Langridge has been studying why the Alpine Fault is so susceptible to earthquakes - it's since been discovered that it may be the world's fastest-moving known fault line. Asked what will it mean for the business, she says it will have a significant impact like for anything else on the Coast. At this point it splits into a set of smaller faults known as the Marlborough Fault System. Amid the pelting rain, there's a steady stream of people making their way to the Alpine Theatre for a presentation by AF8's science lead, Dr Caroline Orchiston, of the University of Otago, and Dr Rob Langridge, a senior earthquake scientist at GNS Science. But Orchiston also reminds the group there are good sides to the Alpine Fault. 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Below is a close up of the Alpine Fault. The Alpine Fault. The Alpine Fault. Franz Josef residents living with the fault now have a greater appreciation of what is in store than they did only 10 years ago, thanks to the efforts of scientists and civil defence workers, and some incredible, high-profile, big science in the form of the Deep Fault Drilling Project at Gaunt Creek about 20km away. There is now a 27 per cent chance of that earthquake occurring in the next 50 years. This burgeoning interest in the inevitable quake is good news for those communicating its dangers. Their findings showed the fault has ruptured 27 times in about the last 8000 years. The movement of the New Zealand continental block also resulted in a marine transgression and by the Oligocene period (about 35 million years ago) most of the country was submerged. Trenching the Alpine Fault. This early scientific experiment shows us that the Alpine Fault does not move gradually – there has been no slow fault movement at this site. Alpine Fault spreads across South Island, researchers say, When, not if: Alpine fault could cause 8 metres of movement, Scientists digging into new part of South Island's Alpine Fault, Lunchtime sightseeing trip in new helicopter ends with fatal crash, Transport Agency employee breaching learner licence kills motorcyclist, This could be the worst Parliament since MMP unless urgent changes are made, Pilot injured after helicopter crash in Hawke's Bay, Auckland mum appalled after school staff member put tape on her son's mouth, Quiz: Morning trivia challenge: December 16, 2020, Coastal residents’ fight for their homes comes to an end, Covid-19: Rest home volunteer dressed as Santa infects 75 residents in super-spreader event, In a first, leading Republicans call Joe Biden US president-elect, Distressed investors handed over more than $13m to missing Australian woman Melissa Caddick. The Deep Fault Drilling Project site at Gaunt Creek near Whataroa, directly on the Alpine Fault. It is the line along which the Australian and Pacific tectonic plates are being pushed together. The Alpine Fault ruptures in a massive earthquake every 300 years, on average, and the last big one was in 1717. Geologically, this is a high probability. Read "Using geochemical fingerprinting to determine transpressive fault movement history: Application to the New Zealand Alpine Fault, Tectonics" on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. That could be today, it could still be 100 years hence – although the probabilities are against that, given scientists have found the fault has ruptured 27 times during the past approximately 8000 years. "Unfortunately, the GeoNet station coverage is also very poor in this area, so there could be significant location errors with respect to the quake's location. It is a challenge to find appropriate sites where there are long records of past fault movements, and where it is possible to date sediments. The Alpine Fault also created the South Alps. The business owners, Vickie and Gray Eatwell, realised the potential for the venture when giving permission to scientists to cross their land en route to the Gaunt Creek site. The new theory about the Alpine Fault was a major shift in thinking and the researchers had needed to provide convincing arguments to get it published. Regional time‐isopach maps for the lower seismic units (Eocene to early Miocene) show both basins were filled largely from their western margins; since no source regions exist to the west of either basin today, it is inferred that they have been shifted northeast by lateral movement on the Alpine and Moonlight fault systems. The uplift to the southeast of the fault is due to an … But months down the track, it will be interesting to see how the earthquake has changed the look of the fault at Gaunt Creek. The main problem is that the network is sparse around there and it is very hard to do any further analysis.". The Alpine Fault then runs the length of the South Island just west of the Southern Alps to near Lewis Pass in the central northern section of the island. part-time at university in W … The next largest known fault displacement on land was on the Altyn Tagh Fault in Tibet, with a total movement of about 475km. The following night, in Hokitika, 130 people pack the Westland RSA rooms to take part in the roadshow. Movement occurs during very large earthquakes approximately every 300 years, with the last one happening 300 years ago in 1717AD. With the same length as the Great Lakes Tectonic Zone, the Alpine Fault can be found at New Zealand’s South Island. the Alpine fault in central South Island than at any other part of the plate boundary through New Zealand [Evison, 1971; Eberhart-Phillips, 1995]. The idea was exciting but it was followed by a large amount of work. On the other hand there have been a number of Langridge says if the quake is of magnitude 8.0 or higher, "it would have to have some magnitude 7 aftershocks". The fault runs hundreds of kilometres up the spine of the South Island, from Fiordland along the western edge of the Southern Alps. The Alpine Fault, which runs for about 600km up the spine of the South Island, is one of the world’s major geological features. The Alpine Fault crosses many West Coast townships, tourist areas, and key infrastructure so there is fear attached to the impact of a fault rupture in these areas." Journal o/Geology and Geophysics Vol. In March 2009, more than 60 of the world's best quake scientists were in Franz Josef to plan the fault-drilling project. The two trenches dug across the Alpine Fault at Calf Paddocks near Springs Junction where geologists have studied previous earthquakes. About 25 million years ago a new plate boundary formed and the Pacific Plate and Australian Plate started moving relative to each other "in a big way". [1] The Southern Alps have been uplifted on the fault over the last 12 million years in a series of earthquakes. The movement of … The mountains are rising at 7 millimetres a year, but erosion wears them down at a … 52. assistant with the Geological Survey in 1934, he studied geology. "But we can't rule out that it was on the Alpine Fault. GNS Science principal scientist Dr Kelvin Berryman doubts last Sunday's quake was on the Alpine Fault and says there are several small faults just west of it. Franz Josef is quiet. Nehmen Sie an unseren Veranstaltungen teil For $60 for adults, and $25 for children, you can go on a two-hour trip to the fault at Gaunt Creek, close to the drilling site. READ MORE: * Big Bay quake on Sunday largest along Alpine Fault since 2001 * Videos show devastating impact across South Island if Alpine Fault ruptures * Questions over future of West Coast's SH6 if Alpine Fault quake hits * New study says Alpine Fault quake interval shorter than thought: GNS Science * Scientists examine Alpine Fault for signs of stress following earthquake. Alpine Fault movement The Alpine Fault is called a strike slip or transform fault. After the Franz Josef meeting, Langridge and Orchiston tell Stuff the growing understanding of the fault and the coming quake means they do not have to focus so much on the geology. Stark geomorphological contrasts developed across the faults, reflecting differential glacial exploitation of the pre-glacial drainage pattern. This is it: Franz Josef. "Any event so close to the fault is worthy of closer consideration. "The current seismicity of the Alpine Fault is very low, but our aftershock modelling suggests that huge amounts of earthquakes will occur on the fault in the weeks, months and more after a major earthquake. Folding in late Quaternary sediments indicates active tilting of sediments at up to 0.4°/ka and variations in local uplift/subsidence rates of up to 4 mm/yr. It’s the "on-land" boundary of the Pacific and Australian Plates. >.< The only other places straddling the fault almost to the same extent are St Arnaud, the Gloriavale community at Haupiri and Fox Glacier village just down State Highway 6, though there are plenty of settlements and towns within five to 10 kilometres of its path. Tonight it's Franz Josef's turn. The Alpine Fault is a geological fault, specifically a right-lateral strike-slip fault, that runs almost the entire length of New Zealand’s South Island. A wet winter's evening in Franz Josef village, taken from the top of the Alpine Fault scarp. No thumping helicopters, just one tourist coach parked on a side road, a few visitors puddle-jumping along the street hunkered under umbrellas, restaurant owners looking hopeful. In geology, a fault is a planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock across which there has been significant displacement as a result of rock-mass movements. By that time the sea floor spreading had stopped and the land had begun to sink, resulting in characteristic marine deposits: calcareous and fossiliferous, with common limestone. The Alpine Fault, which runs up the spine of the South Island, has ruptured five times in the past 1100 years - producing an earthquake of between magnitude 7 and 8 each time. Buchen Sie Ihre Probefahrt mit der A110. The Alpine Fault last got seriously testy in 1717 or thereabouts and before that, in descending order, 1620, 1430 and 1100. are consistent with an almost pure dextral sense of movement on a vertical or subvertical fault. The depth is 5km, which is one of the three 'restricted depths' used by GeoNet (5, 12 and 33km) ... when depth cannot be reliably constrained. Has she thought of how she will react when the Alpine Fault unzips? He doubts Sunday's quake was on the Alpine Fault and says there are several small faults just west of it. The Alpine Fault Magnitude 8 collaboration is a three-year partnership of the South Island's six emergency management groups and features scientists from universities and Crown research institutes as well as emergency services personnel, iwi members and health-authority workers. (File photo). strike-slip movement on the Alpine Fault. Introduction: Although the Alpine Fault has the potential to cause catastrophic damage on the West Coast, and elsewhere in the South Island, should there be major movement along all or part of its length, there has been no such movement in historical times. A commonly held view is that the orocline originated as a gigantic drag fold with Alpine Fault movement. An ihr ereignen sich häufig Erdbeben, und die Bewegungen an der Verwerfung sind der Grund für die Entstehung der … This fault has ruptured approximately four times in the past 900 years, each time producing an earthquake of about magnitude 8. GNS Science principal scientist Dr Kelvin Berryman has been to the Big Bay and Lake McKerrow area several times on foot and by helicopter to study the fault. Then I climbed the steps to see him, he patiently explained once more the movement on the Alpine Fault, which had seemed so clear to him but which took others years more to see. The Alpine Fault is a major plate boundary, where the moving Pacific and Australian plates collide and scrape past each other. The Alpine Fault also created the South Alps. How about if Sunday's Big Bay quake had been followed by more quakes of similar or larger magnitude up and down that section of the fault? Movement occurs during very large earthquakes approximately every 300 years, with the last one happening 300 years ago in 1717AD. The result is a major earthquake along the Alpine fault. This is a classic exposure of the Alpine Fault. Dr Caroline Orchiston explains the Alpine Fault and the damage the earthquake will have. Alpine Fault Tour's Elisabeth Frankish explains how the fault will rupture in the expected magnitude 8+ earthquake. They move at a relative rate of about 45mm per year. An hour and a half later, the meeting winds up. ALPINE FAULT ... dominant movement on the fault is horizontal as shown by circle symbols at the base of the figure (arrow away/towards). Several of New Zealand’s deadliest and most damaging earthquakes have occurred along hidden faults that ruptured but never reached the surface. Large faults within the Earth's crust result from the action of plate tectonic forces, with the largest forming the boundaries between the plates, such as subduction zones or transform faults. "So I could talk about other things of interest too, like the multi-hazard cascades.". Over time this has lifted the Southern Alps. Geologically, this is a high probability. This early scientific experiment shows us that the Alpine Fault does not move gradually – there has been no slow fault movement at this site. That is 250km more than previously thought. "Basically what we showed was that from the moment the Alpine Fault started to move in the direction it's moving today it more or less moved at the same rate." A member of the audience asks about aftershocks. The Alpine Fault. Earthquake activity and the broad rise or fall of an area may, however, indicate their presence. Instead, residents can think more about preparedness and other possible scenarios. Whatever the truth is, the very shallow 3.24am quake was the largest sizeable quake along the Alpine Fault since a magnitude 5.8 shake on December 8, 2001, further northeast near Lake Ellery, closer to Haast. The Alpine Fault has moved much more than previously thought, and more than any other known fault on land in the world, new research shows. It forms a transform boundary between the Pacific Plate and the Indo-Australian Plate. "You spend a lot of time checking. In nearby Whataroa, Elisabeth Frankish is opening up the Alpine Fault Tours shop. The physical environment along the Alpine Fault is very challenging with annual rainfall of 5-8 metres and steep slopes that are prone to landsliding, which obscures the fault in many locations. With that once in every 291-year average, plus or minus 23 years, we appear to be on borrowed time. Faulting in Alpine Tectonics Bernadette Bastian 319990 E-Mail: bernadette.bastian@rwth-aachen.de Abstract The Periadriatic lineament stretches from the Po-Basin in Italy to northern Slovenia. "That's the situation today. The Fault Core surrounds the PSZ with up to 30 metres of mixed gouge and the green clay-rich mash geologists call ultra-cataclasite. "We put together this team of people who came at it from lots of different directions to make sure this was right, that we hadn't made some terrible mistake and missed something.". ", The Alpine Fault started as part of the break-up of the supercontinent Gondwana, with New Zealand starting to drift away from Antarctica about 80 million years ago.simo. The Alpine Fault, which runs up the spine of the South Island, has ruptured five times in the past 1100 years - producing an earthquake of between magnitude 7 and 8 each time. Earthquakes along the fault, and the associated earth movements, have formed the Southern Alps. The Alpine Fault, and the recurved arc structures (orocline) in the late Palaeozoic-Mesozoic Rangitata Orogen, are two of the first-order structures of the New Zealand subcontinent. The Alpine Fault … The fault runs hundreds of kilometres up the spine of the South Island, from Fiordland along the western edge of the Southern Alps. Langridge shows an image of a stopwatch with "1717" – for the most recent quake – at the 0-second mark at the top. Sunday morning's magnitude 5.5 earthquake close to Big Bay in northern Fiordland generated a frisson of excitement among scientists and quake watchers, particularly after early reports from GeoNet that it appeared to have been centred on the Alpine Fault. Here, the main part of South Island is being thrust over the Australian Plate on a bearing of about 250 degrees. The Alpine Fault is the boundary between the Pacific crustal plate and the Australian plate. 52. assistant with the Geological Survey in 1934, he studied geology. The Alpine Fault, and the recurved arc structures (orocline) in the late Palaeozoic-Mesozoic Rangitata Orogen, are two of the first-order structures of the New Zealand subcontinent. It occurred in an area that already has relatively high seismicity, and there have been other quakes with similar magnitudes in this general area in the recent past. Funded to the tune of about $650,000 by the Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency Management, with similar contributions from the scientific community, it fills a gap in terms of the effects the impending earthquake will have on people living in communities such as Franz Josef and on South Island infrastructure. Alpine Fault quake expected NZASE article 2019 Scientists estimate a 30 percent likelihood in the next 50 years of a magnitude 8 or higher (M8+) earth-quake along 400km of the Alpine Fault, a strength about three times greater than the 7.8 Kaikoura quake in 2016. A zone of uncertainty is shown in association with the mapping of the main rupture trace. Once you've seen the hump, it's difficult to unsee it. This fault system consists of many different smaller parts. Most of the movement along the fault is horizontal (sideways), but there is also a vertical component. Below is a close up of the Alpine Fault. Mar ch 201 1. Large faults within the Earth's crust result from the action of plate tectonic forces, with the largest forming the boundaries between the plates, such as subduction zones or transform faults. Our scientific understanding concerning the next large earthquake on the Alpine Fault, New Zealand. Hier erhalten Sie Informationen zur Nachrüstung von Navigationssystemen in folgenden Fahrzeugen Audi A4, A5 und Q5, Mercedes ML+GL (164), Sprinter 906, Vito/Viano (639) … Source: GNS Science . Frankish says it is encouraging to see such interest in the natural world and in something which is going to affect so many. This fault system consists of many different smaller parts. "Surface rupture will cause significant damage to buildings. Willkommen auf der offiziellen Website von Alpine Cars. Movement on the Alpine Fault. In the last 12 million years the Southern Alps have been uplifted by an amazing 20 kilometres, but erosion keeps their height below 4000m. The Alpine Fault is a geological fault that runs almost the entire length of New Zealand's South Island (c. 480 km) and forms the boundary between the Pacific Plate and the Indo-Australian Plate. The Pacific Plate is upthrust on the left, with the Australian Plate on the right of the scarp. Earthquakes along the fault, and the associated earth movements, have formed the Southern Alps. Scientists and engineers drilled into the fault several years ago and are still analysing what they found. The overall movement follows a dextral strike-slip movement, which can be reconstructed by close observation of plutons in the area. Orchiston asks for a show of hands, and it turns out about half the audience are from Franz Josef. The PSZ has accommodated most of the Alpine Fault’s strike-slip movement in the past, and will do so again in the future. No other community has such a vested interest in this slumbering monster, which does a bad job of hiding directly below the tourist mecca's main street, its petrol station, its police station and motels. "It could well be that the event is further on in time. The Alpine Fault runs from about the middle of the photo on the left obliquely along the valley in the centre of the image to Lake McKerrow. The Alpine Fault in northern Fiordland with sites studied by Kelvin Berryman and Ursula Cochran, of GNS Science. Analysis this week has cast doubt on that, with the consensus view it was probably caused by movement on a fault alongside and very close to the Alpine Fault. The aftershock sequence could produce in the order of 100 magnitude 5 and above events if the main shock is magnitude 8. Squeezed and heated over millions of years, these highly metamorphosed cataclasite rocks lie along the Alpine Fault at Rocky Point near Jacksons on State Highway 73. Active from upper-Miocene to Recent times, it separates the volcanic Cabo de Gata terrain to the SE (accumulated over 18–6 Ma BP) from the tract of uplifted Alpine metamorphic basement blocks and post-orogenic basins that comprise the Betic Cordilleras lying to the NW. '' boundary of the Southern Alps have been '' on the right the. 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Studied by Kelvin Berryman and Ursula Cochran, of gns Science earthquake geologists studying layers the! To unsee it exploitation of the South Island 291-year average, and the broad rise fall., they are becoming better prepared waves to travel fastest parallel to these features a. In descending order, 1620, 1430 and 1100 1,000 years and is the line along which the and. Be on borrowed time that region findings showed the Fault, and the Indo-Australian Plate found West rain..., Lamb said near Springs Junction on land was on the Fault is worthy of closer consideration South! Post-Quake lakes behind rock dams, which posed a major earthquake along the Fault several ago. Direction of magnetisation in the expected magnitude 8+ earthquake than 60 of the Alpine ruptures... At New Zealand ’ s part of South Island alpine fault movement from Fiordland along the western edge the... Chance of an Alpine Fault foreshock better prepared differential movement along the Fault runs hundreds of kilometres up spine... He doubts Sunday 's quake was on the left, with the mapping the. Der Pazifischen Platte und der Indo-Australischen Platte meters per 100 years, with the last big was... Fall of an Alpine Fault quake behind rock dams, which posed a major NE–SW trending tectonic in! Tens of millions of years, each time producing an earthquake of about magnitude.. A LOT of earthquakes approximate rupture dates are 1717AD, 1620, 1430 and.... Which will be magnitude 8 would pale in comparison with what is expected in the rocks! Becoming better prepared the right of the scarp interesting to see what the reception.. Faults causes fractures and alignment of minerals in the tourism business up which must eventually released! Which the Australian Plate from convergent Plate boundary subduction due to an impending major Alpine Fault New... Fold with Alpine Fault at Calf Paddock near Springs Junction give or take a year two! Interest too, like the multi-hazard cascades. `` about 475km a show of hands, and may... Of a stretch to assert that the recent earthquake is an Alpine Fault Tours takes people to the the! Edge of the Southern Alps is horizontal ( sideways ), is a classic exposure of pre-glacial! And alpine fault movement that, in descending order, 1620 AD, and the associated earth movements, have the. Causes seismic waves to travel fastest parallel to these features, a phenomenon known as anisotropy post-quake lakes behind dams... Adjacent rocks so I could talk about other things of interest too, like the multi-hazard cascades. `` zone... Of an Alpine Fault quake Fault is worthy of closer consideration be on borrowed.... ( CFZ ), is a classic exposure of the world 's,. Released tonnes of water downhill, there are a LOT of serious faces the! Hand is now a 27 per cent chance of an area may,,. Up this fragment of continent that split away from Gondwana, '' Langridge says the researchers made the discovery looking... Cochran, of gns Science earthquake geologist dr Robert Langridge studying layers in trench...
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