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Further, an elevation of tissue hypoxia combined with hematopoietic signaling in the bone marrow leads to the development of hemangiosarcoma [37,38]. It is thought that 2-butoxyethanol contributed to the significantly shorter lifespan of Exxon Valdez clean-up workers, which is why Corexit 9527, which also contains the chemical was banned in the United Kingdom. Proposed implementation date: 1 February 2019. No studies are available. Butoxyethanol is an excipient ingredient in 5 products on the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods (ARTG). In domestic cleaners, the formulations generally fall below 10%, but higher concentrations are found in some products such as oven cleaners and floor strippers. A current model of 2-BE effects seen in mice suggests that 2-BE induces macrophage activation and inflammation in the liver involving Kupffer cells (liver macrophages). Alterations in the blood and bone marrow cells may also be an anticipated pharmacologic event during preclinical drug development (Meyer et al., 2010). 2-Butoxyethanol is available for use as an excipient in biologicals, devices, export only, listed medicines, over the counter and prescription medicines and an active ingredient in biologicals and prescription medicines. : AC403390000, AC403395000 CAS-No 111-76-2 Synonyms Butyl cellosolve; Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, Butyl glycol Recommended Use Laboratory chemicals. Glycol ethers as a class are not acutely toxic by the oral route. 2-butoxyethanol is not considered to be a skin sensitiser. 2-Butoxyethanol (C ₄ H ₉ OCH ₂ CH ₂ OH) is a colorless liquid with a mild odor. 111-76-2. The delegate accepted the ACCS advice that the current scheduling of 2-butoxyethanol remained appropriate. Despite numerous cellular defense mechanisms such as antioxidant enzymes and low molecular weight antioxidants such as GSH, hemolysis may result if these mechanisms are overwhelmed in red blood cells. A review of results for more than 500 chemicals tested in rodents in NTP 2 year bioassays indicated that an increased incidence of cardiac thrombosis, which could be fatal if the left atrium was affected, was associated with 9 different compounds comprising 2-butoxyethanol, bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane, isobutene, 3,3′-dimethoxybenzidine dihydrochloride, C.I. It is a well-known fact that both the parent compound and its metabolites may mediate toxicity. One mechanism behind the protective effects versus oxidative damage to molecular targets may be by means of scavenging of free radicals and iron binding (Farombi et al., 2004). However, the long-term impact of exposure has not yet been studied. Few examples of drugs and chemicals associated with a variety of toxic effects and their likely mechanism of action. In a clinical setting, most commonly encountered glycol is ethylene glycol. The potential for human toxicity has not yet been established. An assessment of its uses in cleaning products was completed in 1996. Such bone marrow effects are not uncommon with oncology drugs where bone marrow inhibition may be an acceptable side effect of cancer treatment. 2-Butoxyethanol is listed on the Australian Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS). Read more here. phone Australia 13 11 26; New Zealand 0800 764 766) or a doctor (at once)), E2 (If in eyes, hold eyelids apart and flush the eye continuously with running water. However, propylene glycol ethers do not cause the testicular or hematological effects and are not teratogenic, although fetotoxicity has been reported in some studies at concentrations that also produced maternal toxicity. Additional toxicities include neurotoxicity (loss of coordination, sluggishness and narcosis) and nephrotoxicity. It is estimated that 16.5 million gallons of oil was chemically dispersed during the Deepwater Horizon spill. It is an active component of fracturing fluids, drilling stabilizers and oil slick dispersants. Estrogen administration increases iron accumulation in hamsters and facilitates iron uptake by cells in culture. In rats, adverse effects on the central nervous system, kidneys, and liver occur at higher exposure concentrations than do haemolytic effects. The PSC noted that ethylene glycol monomethyl- and monoethyl ethers were the most toxic of the series, which demonstrated significant testicular effects, reproductive toxicity, haematological effects and were toxic at inhalation levels at the threshold limit value (TLV). loss of coordination, sluggishness and narcosis). Acetaminophen, antibiotics (e.g., amphotericin B, bacitracin, gentamycin, neomycin, oxytetracycline, paromomycin, polymixin-B, sulfonamides), Aristolochia (birthwort), bismuth, boric acid, 2-butoxyethanol, cadmium, calcipotriene or calcipotriol, cantharidin, carbamate fungicides, carbon tetrachloride, cholecalciferol, chromium, citrinin, copper, diethylene glycol, diquat, ethylene glycol, grapes, lead, lilies (Hemerocallis, Lilium), mercury, mothballs, mushrooms, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents, ochratoxin, oxalic acid (e.g., Oxalis, Rheum, Rumex), paraquat, petroleum hydrocarbons (e.g., diesel fuel, gasoline, kerosene), phenol, raisins, toluene, uranium, vitamin D–containing plants (e.g., Cestrum diurnum, Solanum malacoxylon), zinc. 2-Butoxyethanol acetate is widely used as a slow-evaporating solvent for lacquers, varnishes, epoxy resins, and enamels. The testicular effects have been observed in mice, rats, rabbits, and dogs, and the hematological effects have been observed in mice, rats, rabbits, cats, dogs, and man. The authors suggested that iron, produced indirectly through hemolysis and not 2-butoxyethanol or its metabolites, might be responsible for the observed carcinogenicity (Park et al., 2002). Acetic acid or white vinegar is a great disinfectant. The metabolic acidosis was due to the butylglycol metabolite, butoxy acetic acid, and to lactate. 2-Butoxyethanol is very widely used in industrial, trade and domestic cleaning applications. McMartin, in Human Toxicology, 1996. Windex Original Glass Cleaner is not a disinfectant and it will not kill germs. The matters under subsection 52E (1) of the Therapeutic Goods Act 1989 considered relevant by the delegate for the decision include: The delegate considered the following in regards to this interim decision: The pre-meeting scheduling proposal was published on the TGA website on 12 April 2018 at Consultation: Proposed amendments to the Poisons Standard being referred to the June 2018 meetings of the ACCS, ACMS and Joint ACCS/ACMS. In February 1985, the PSC reconsidered the November 1984 decision and decided to raise the Schedule 6 ethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers and their acetates exemption cut-off from 5 per cent to 10 per cent. 2-butoxyethanol; ethyleneglycol monobutyl ether; butyl cellosolve CAD - Chemical Agents Directive, Art. Although ethylene glycol toxicity is uncommon, when it does occur, it can have a high morbidity or mortality. Iron can also maintain the growth of malignant cells, as well as the growth of pathogens. 2-Butoxyethanol was identified as a causal agent in the health problems experienced by cleanup workers after the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill. General Statements: A (For advice, contact a Poisons Information Centre (e.g. 2-Butoxyethanol at 20% is too high for general consumer use in domestic products given its potential for skin and eye irritation and inhalation toxicity. When tested undiluted, 2-butoxyethanol is a severe eye irritant (CICAD 1998). high . Common formulations which include 2-butoxyethanol are surface cleaners, floor strippers, paints, laundry detergents, rust removers, oven and carpet cleaners. 2-Butoxyethanol is not classified with respect to carcinogenicity. CAS No. At this time, 2-butoxyethanol was captured by the generic entry in Schedule 6 for ethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers and their acetates except those containing 10% or less. Ammonia In another case without ethanol, metabolic acidosis was accompanied with coma, hypokalemia, hemoglobinuria, oxaluria and a transitory rise in the serum creatinine level [74]. Two are medicines (antiseptic handrubs), containing butoxyethanol at a concentration of 0.1%) and 3 are medical devices (disinfectants) that contain butoxyethanol at concentrations of 0.25-9 % w/w. The authors suggest that iron may also act as a promoter of already initiated hepatocytes in the development of liver cancer in humans (Carthew et al., 1997). However, the committee agreed to create a new separate entry in Schedule 6 for 2-butoxyethanol and its acetates with an exception for preparations containing 10 per cent or less. Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGEE) produced a similar pattern of toxicity, while ethylene glycol monopropyl ether (EGPE) and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGBE) caused hemolysis and embryotoxicity/fetotoxicity without causing teratogenicity or effects on the bone marrow and testes. 2(b)(i) - Hazardous Agents, Workplace Signs - minimum requirements & signs on containers and pipes, Waste Framework Directive, Annex III - Waste - Hazardous Properties The PSC therefore decided to include preparations containing 5 per cent or more ethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers and their acetates in Schedule 6. Glycol is a chemical compound that is diol containing two hydroxyl groups. It is a priority existing chemical and secondary notification conditions apply that require consultation with NICNAS prior to importation into Australia. One such compound that has been extensively tested is microcystin-LR, which significantly increases oxidative stress causing lipid peroxidation, changes in membrane fluidity, transformations of cell shape and hemolysis. Restrictions apply to its use in listed medicines according to the Therapeutic Goods (Permissible Ingredients) Determination No.2 of 2018: Purpose of the ingredient in the medicine, Specific requirement(s) applying to the ingredient in Column 2. 2-Butoxyethanol has haemolytic effects. An acute inhalation of aerosolized dispersant resulted in the following at 1 day postexposure: (1) no significant lung damage or inflammation, (2) a small but significant increase in heart rate and blood pressure, (3) delayed recovery of blood vessels following constrictions, and (4) alteration in olfactory signal transmission, axonal function, and synaptic vesicle fusion. In November 1984, the Poisons Schedule (Standing) Committee (PSC) considered the scheduling of ethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers and their acetates. A study conducted in 1989 tested a series of 2-butoxyethanol concentrations (10, 20, 30, 70 and 100%) for eye irritation. Two are medicines (antiseptic handrubs), containing butoxyethanol at a concentration of 0.1%) and 3 are medical devices (disinfectants) that contain butoxyethanol at concentrations of 0.25-9 % w/w. Linda A. Malley, in Encyclopedia of Toxicology (Second Edition), 2005. Classic examples of a discrepancy between in vitro and in vivo studies include chloramphenicol-induced myelosuppression and 2-butoxyethanol-induced hemolysis (Turton et al., 2002a, b; Corley et al., 2005). A colorless liquid with a sweet scent, butoxyethanol is primarily used in paints and coatings, and also is an ingredient some household cleaning products, cosmetics and personal care products. While Force of Nature is an EPA-registered disinfectant in the United States, it is not yet registered as a disinfectant in Canada. It is a major ingredient of antifreeze and deicing solutions due to its high boiling point (197°C) and low freezing point. Ethylene glycol is a colorless, odorless, and relatively nonvolatile liquid that is commonly used as an industrial chemical. phone Australia 13 11 26; New Zealand 0800 764 766) or a doctor, or for at least 15 minutes), S1 (If skin or hair contact occurs, remove contaminated clothing and flush skin and hair with running water). When tested undiluted, 2-butoxyethanol is a severe skin irritant. In COREXIT 9500 the toxic 2-butoxyethanol was replaced with light petroleum distillate. Continued treatment with 2-butoxyethanol resulted in hemosiderin deposition in the liver, indicating that the liver tumors were mediated by oxidative iron catalyzed stress and Kupffer cell activation (Park et al., 2002). These compounds are mainly used as solvents and cleaning compounds. The product used in butyl degreaser--2-butoxyethanol--has an ether scent and is colorless. In August 1998, the NDPSC noted that 2-butoxyethanol is currently included in Schedule 6 (in preparations containing > 10%) through the class entry of ethylene glycol monoalkyl and their acetates.

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