2 … Which term describes the thicker or thinner a material is? The ceramist can make that vision a reality with IPS e.max® (Ivoclar Vivadent, http://www.ivoclarvivadent.com) by using a very high-opacity ingot. A major problem associated with the use of these materials is polymerization shrinkage. Dental restorative materials are used to replace tooth structure loss, usually due to dental caries (dental cavities), but also tooth wear and dental trauma.On other occasions, such materials may be used for cosmetic purposes to alter the appearance of an individual's teeth.. Restorative justice practices can help teachers change how they handle discipline problems. The penetration 154 AUGUST 1979 VOLUME 42 NUMBER 2 0022-3913/79/080154 + 051.00.50/0 1979 The C. V. Mosby Co. FUTURE OF RESTORATIVE MATERIALS results in encapsulation of the crystallite components of the enamel, providing an effective mechanical bond and protecting the outermost enamel from dissolution.4 For the first time it was possible to restore fractured or worn … Facebook. 2, 11, 12 Amalgamation is the name given to the process of mixing liquid mercury (approximately 42 to 50% by weight) with the other alloys to form a highly plastic material that hardens following precipitation. They may be local and/or systemic. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. The initial glass ionomer materials were difficult to handle, exhibited poor wear resistance, and were brittle. Amalgam is any alloy that contains mercury.Copper, silver, and tin are the major components in dental amalgam but it may also contain zinc, indium, gold, platinum, and palladium. Dental restoration, dental fillings, or simply fillings, are treatments used to restore the function, integrity, and morphology of missing tooth structure resulting from caries or external trauma as well as to the replacement of such structure supported by dental implants. Excessive expansion of a dental material may result in what? Excessive expansion of a restorative material may result in _____ of cusps. “As a result, black and brown students are too often funneled into the school-to-prison pipeline for incidents that could have been addressed with counselors rather than cops. How schools can reduce excessive discipline of Black students. The restorative material and base/liner, which feature three hardening mechanisms, could prove to be a notable advancement in the adhesive dentistry restorative materials continuum. The expansion of the universe is the increase in distance between any two given gravitationally unbound parts of the observable universe with time. If covering or masking underlying tooth structure is part of the treatment plan, the restorative team can imagine doing so in an esthetic way. Anne Gregory remembers the child’s fondness for the Dewey decimal system. For those of you who think this may add value to your classroom, consider taking the small steps below. Methods: To induce corrosion, cylindrical specimens, 8×4mm, of the material were subject to potentiostatic polarization at −0.1 V (SCE) in a phosphated buffered saline (PBS) solution at 20°C for 30 d. The current–time transients during polarization were recorded and the corresponding anodic charge, Q, was calculated. Save for later . D. modulus. On the other hand, with increasing filler content, the compressive and tensile strength, the modulus of elasticity and wear resis-tance are generally increased (Kim et al. Strict specifications are followed by dental material manufacturing companies when new dental materials are developed A. Introducing the Tooth-Coloured Restorative Materials There is a range of directly placed tooth-coloured restorative materials available to the dentist. The results are summarized in the Table.Chi-square analyses were performed on each variable and group. Even exposure to external fluids up to three days after condensation, has shown expansion effects in a recent photoelastic stress study. Therefore, restorative materials placed in this environment may show thermal expansion or contraction in response to thermal stimuli. Glass ionomer materials could be used as transitional sealants.27 Glass ionomer cements Glass ionomers have been used as restorative cements, cavity liner/base, and luting cement. As a result, leakage increases, and recurrent caries are much more likely. Gallium restorative materials. Which material listed would show the lowest level of solubility? The staining of resins and acrylics from repeated exposure to coffee, tea, and other dyed beverages is due to: The technique of chemical bonding rather than mechanical means to produce retention requires _____ removal of tooth structure and produces a _____ retentive force between tooth and restoration. Latest Medical MCQs. During thermal cycling, significant expansion and contraction may lead to: • In alginate impression materials, sodium phosphate (Na3PO4) is the The desirable relationship between the coefficients of thermal expansion of an alloy (ε metal ) and a ceramic (εceramic) used for a metallo-ceramic restoration is Light-cured dental composites set when exposed to light. Only registered users can add explanations. Local reactions involve the gingiva, mucosal tissues, pulp, and hard tooth tissues, including excessive wear on opposing teeth from restorative materials. Details were his thing. The results depend on this point of load application. Which of the following is the best thermal conductor? Gypsum-bonded investment materials can produce an expansion that is sufficient for compensating for the shrinkage that occurs when a gold alloy cools from its liquid stage down to room temperature. Polymeric materials have high coefficients of thermal expansion compared to tooth structure. C. expansion coefficient. Please login to your account first; Need help? Leakage of fluids and bacteria into the open gaps, producing sensitivity. However, this procedure should not be a spontaneous reaction, but a result of regularly incorporated restorative conversations that have already established that line of communication. Lasers are also used to remove lesions in the mouth and relieve the pain of canker sores . Explanations are useful to guide through learning process and confirm that the correct answer is indeed correct. Adhesively bonded veneers made from various silicate ceramic materials have contributed significantly to this. A. conductivity. noted that the effective sealing ability of Cavit could be due to its expansion during setting which is related to its hygroscopic properties. With time as oxides form on the surface of the metal, a thin film of dental cement is desirable to cement crowns. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. As wise people believe “Perfect Practice make a Man Perfect”. In addition, solubility of restorative materials is of concern, since inorganic ions can leach into the By practicing these MCQs of Restorative Resins ( Dental Materials ) MCQs – Latest Competitive Medical MCQs , an individual for exams performs better than before.This post comprising of mechanical engineering objective questions and answers related to “Restorative Resins ( Dental Materials ) Mcqs “. 4, 5 Such occurrences are not necessarily related to a material deficiency. Excessive expansion can also cause the amalgam to move out of the prepared cavity and bulge (Powers and Wataha, 2017). In addition, the metal particles are not well bonded to the set material, which results in erosion and increased wear as the poorly attached metal particles are plucked from the surface. As the restoration increases in size, the stress within the restoration also increases, and the life expectancy of the restoration decreases. Significance: Massive internal and external corrosion in a Cl-containing medium as in saliva, accumulation of corrosion products at the cavity wall, and the consequent stress build-up contribute to post-operative pain, tooth straining, marginal breakdown and fractured teeth reported with the clinical use of Galloy. Consequently, high filler levels can be generated in the restorative material, which results in good physical properties and improved esthetics. ontemporary resin-based restorative materials have found increasing use as potential dental amalgam substitutes. Leakage and decay could also occur if the amalgam underwent excessive contraction Dental Science, 2016), because this would create a gap between the amalgam and cavity wall. 10 noted that the seal provided by Cavit could be attributed to its expansion on setting owing to its hygroscopic property. Furthermore, if the absorption also results in a significant generation of pressure it can be damaging to the material [1], [2] and if the material is constrained within a cavity or is being used as a luting agent can also be damaging to the associated tooth structures and restorative materials [3], [4]. What is the thermal conductivity of composite resin? A similar principle could be applied to other non-metallic restorative materials, like unfilled resins and glass ionomer cements, which could act as thermal insulators and, as a result, in vivo or in vitro thermal effects would not have a direct influence on these materials' marginal integrity properties. The interaction between material and method of preparation was significant (P<0.01). Fracture of a cusp. Which of the following materials has the highest ultimate compressive strength? Stress is the amount of force exerted from within an object and _______ is the amount of change that the force had produced. Ceramic veneers had long been considered to be only esthetic implements. McComb D(1). Its coefficient of thermal expansion (22–28×10 −6 /°C) is greater than that of the surrounding tooth. Clinical problems also result from … Normal masticatory forces on the occlusal surfaces of molar teeth can increase to as much as _____ pounds per square inch on a cusp tip. Esthetic and restorative dentistry Material Selection and Technique Douglas A. Terry .Willi Geller. The latter led to circumferential internal corrosion and growth of a layer of external corrosion products. Something that allows the ingress of bacteria and oral fluids and may lead to recurrent caries, staining, and plural irritation? 5. Review Nagy Abdulsamee1* and Ahmed Hosny Elkhadem2 1Head of Dental Biomaterials, Modern University for Technology and Information, Egypt 2Lecturer of Pediatric Dentistry and Founder of Evidence Based Dentistry Center, Faculty of Oral and … The present study is based on the premise that excessive expansion of Ga-containing restorations results from intraoral corrosion. Percolation is caused by differences in the coefficient of thermal expansion between the tooth and the restorative material when heated or cooled. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. The hydrolytic stability of a restorative material affects its durability and the treatment success . They are of two broad types—direct and indirect—and are further classified by location and size. Please read our short guide how to send a book to Kindle. A glass ionomer cement (GIC) is a dental restorative material used in dentistry as a filling material and luting cement, including for orthodontic bracket attachment. Macroelement results compared well with the known impression materials properties of polymerization shrinkage and incomplete recovery in terms of: (1) larger die diameter, (2) smaller die (vertically), (3) horizontal direction of maximum expansion, and (4) vertical direction of maximum contraction. The major material disadvantage of the glassmetal ionomer mixture is the difficulty of achieving a homogeneous mix of silver and glass throughout the restorative. January 6, 2021 11. Adhesive bonding techniques in combination with tooth-colored restorative materials are one of the greatest achievements of restorative dentistry. Ingot opacities available for IPS e.max include high opacity (HO), medium opacity (MO), low translucency (LT), and high translucency (HT).… About 1.5% is needed to compenstae for that shrinkage. The lifespan of a restorative material in the aggressive environment of the oral cavity is dependent on a number of clinical factors and material’s properties including its resistance to water absorption, solubility, and volumetric expansion. Sealing of restorations, before and after placement, with a hydrophobic resin sealant is mandatory to prevent excessive expansion, post-operative sensitivity and tooth fracture. Such approaches can also create school cultures based on … Criteria for a New Dental Material … The mismatch of thermal expansion and contraction between a restoration and the tooth structure may cause stresses to develop at the interface of these two materials, which may have unfavorable effects on the margins and eventually lead to microleakage (2). There was an appreciable increase of the tested mechanical properties of glass-ionomer restorative material as a result of increasing fiber loading and water storage for 1 week. Results: Galloy was passive in Cl-free PBS. Pages: 753. diffusivity conductivity expansion coefficient. You may be interested in Powered by Rec2Me Most frequently terms . expansion coefficient and water absorption are reduced. The patient’s teeth were inspected again for any excess restorative material. Which of the following is not a good conductor of temperature? Which type of bone grafting material is most likely to have a successful result? Lasers can be used to remove a small piece of tissue (called a biopsy) so that it can be examined for cancer. What had been suggested to delay formation of surface tarnish on dental amalgams? restorative material, is indirectly related to the size of the restoration. Leakage and decay could also occur if the amalgam underwent excessive contraction (Dental Science, 2016), because this would create a gap between the amalgam and cavity wall. Excessive contraction of a dental material may result in what? Language: english. 2002). In dentistry, polymeric restorative materials shrink when they set; thus, they have the potential to open gaps at the margins of these restorations. Adhesion reflects the capacity of a substance to adhere to another and may be the result of different processes, which can be mechanical, physical and/or chemical. What is true for the property of wetting as related to dental materials? Dental restoration, dental fillings, or simply fillings, are treatments used to restore the function, integrity, and morphology of missing tooth structure resulting from caries or external trauma as well as to the replacement of such structure supported by dental implants. They are of two broad types—direct and indirect—and are further classified by location and size. Fracture ______ allows the ingress of bacteria and oral fluids and may lead to recurrent caries, staining, and pulpal irritation Bonding materials to tooth structure reduces the potential for these gaps and the resulting microleakage. What could excessive expansion of a restorative material result in? Copyright © 1999 Academy of Dental Materials. As patients seek conservative treatment that is more biocompatible, durable, safe, and esthetic, increased utilization of direct composite resin materials for the restoration of the posterior dentition has drawn more attention to the technological advances in the dental profession. The load application can be at three different points: on the restorative material, the interface, or the enamel. Lee et al. During thermal cycling, significant expansion and contraction may lead to: • Rarely, unintended side effects may be caused by dental restorative materials as a result of toxic, irritative, or allergic reactions. Adhesive systems enhance interfacial strengths that aim at keeping organic solid substrates closely attached to the restorative materials such as composite resins . Parallel potentiostatic corrosion tests in a Cl-free PBS solution were also conducted to demonstrate the significance of the Cl− ion in corrosion. The Cl− ion in PBS destroyed passivity and initiated a “dissolution–precipitation” type reaction during potentiostatic corrosion. Water sorption may help to reduce these marginal discrepancies Introducing class-wide circles on a regular basis. Hannah Chase ROW 01/23/19 Restorative and Esthetic Dental Materials Chapter 43 Outline I. This results in the disruption of marginal seal and formation of marginal gap. Because of these failures, the ADA seal of approval and NIOM provisional acceptance of Galloy have been withdrawn. A Class II amalgam should last 12 to 15 years. modulus. What is this component classified as? This phenomenon is called percolation and is illustrated in Figure 4.1. This could be explained by the fact that Z100 was the only material that exhibited similar expansion for both layered and bulk inserted specimens (0.325 vs 0.330). Cronicon OPEN ACCESS EC DENTAL SCIENCE Review Article Zirconomer and Zirconomer Improved (White Amalgams): Restorative Materials for the Future. Send-to-Kindle or Email . Each group had 26 observations for 3 measurements: presence or absence of decalcification, presence or absence of restorative/bracket adhesive material at the bracket periphery, and loss or maintenance of bracket adhesive material beneath the bracket pad. Because of these qualities, nanofill and nanohybrid composites are the most popular composite restorative materials in use. Thermal diffusivity and thermal expansion. The occlusion was checked again and smooth, proper contacts were verified with un-waxed floss. Results also indicated that all materials had significant expansion during the test period. A polymeric material, such as polymethyl methacrylate (an early tooth-colored restorative material of the 1950s), shrinks and expands seven times more than tooth structures. The color range of a tooth is usually seen by the human eye as yellow or brown. 1. Compared with that filling material, the restorative materials of today more closely match the coefficient of thermal expansion of teeth. In the past, use of composite resins in the posterior area was limited due to low wear resistance to abrasion, shade instability, increased polymerization shrinkage, l… 5 [ Top ] Biocompatibility File: PDF, 139.77 MB. Preview. The small primary particle size also makes nanofills highly polishable. demonstrated conflicting results when its marginal seal was assessed (7-9). Standardization of Dental Materials When dental material is developed, the product must undergo an assessment before it is marketed to the profession. What restorative material has a coefficient of thermal expansion and thermal conductivity closest to enamel? As dental amalgam is metallic, it transmits heat readily (the material has a high thermal diffusivity, 9.6 mm 2 /s). SEM and EDXA were used to characterize the morphology and composition of the potentiostatically polarized surfaces. Based on clinical research, the life expectancy for a conservative Class I amalgam is 15 to 18 years. Objective: The aim was to simulate and characterize the long-term corrosion of a Ga-containing alloy (Galloy, SDI). However, Cavit is not esthetic and it does not resist masticatory loads (10). One major problem in restorative dentistry is the lack of proper union between the restorative material and the tooth surface. Each type of amalgam behaves differently. Since water sorption of any restorative material can result in expansion of the restoration, which would be detrimental to the restoration, it is important to limit the amount of water absorbed. The thickness of the internal and external corrosion layers was 0.77±0.07 and 0.86±0.37mm, respectively. Contact between two dissimilar metal in the mouth may result in what reaction? When an object cannot resist force, _____ occurs. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0109-5641(99)00081-0. He would write down a combination of numbers and letters on a scrap of paper and hunt down the desired book in the library. Many materials have been studied to determine their ability to seal endodontic access preparations.7, 8, 9 Lee et al. In addition, potentiodynamic anodic polarization tests were performed to characterize the overall corrosion behavior of the alloy in both electrolytes. The filler con-tent of a composite is sometimes determined by the shape of the filler. The expansion of SEL and Restorative Justice in our schools is a step toward recognizing the dignity and potential of every single student; expanding their future rather than trapping them in their past. Microleakage into the interface between tooth structure and restorative material is responsible for much of the _____ observed following tooth restoration. Excessive expansion can also cause the amalgam to move out of the prepared cavity and bulge (Powers and … Materials and Methods: The color stability of test materials was determined using a spectrophotometer. Aim and Objective: To evaluate the in vitro effect of red wine on color stability of three different esthetic restorative materials such as nanohybrid composites, conventional restorative glass ionomer cement (GIC), and feldspathic porcelain. c. Percolation is thought to be undesirable because of possible irritation to the dental pulp and recurrent decay. Is polymerization shrinkage one of the following materials has the highest ultimate compressive strength frequently terms followed by dental is! Much of the filler metallic, it transmits heat readily ( the material has a coefficient thermal... Yet, there is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. sciencedirect ® is registered! Et al this may add value to your classroom, consider taking the small steps below on the that... Conductivity closest to enamel observable universe with time _____ occurs and restorative material proper between... Justice practices can help teachers change how they handle discipline problems Chase ROW 01/23/19 restorative esthetic! And EDXA were used to characterize the morphology and composition of the _____ observed tooth. Cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads, has shown effects. Have contributed significantly to this contact between two dissimilar metal in the Table.Chi-square analyses were performed on each and! Glassmetal ionomer mixture is the lack of proper union between the tooth and the life expectancy of the materials. A layer of external corrosion products contained Sn, Ga, in,,... Available to the dental pulp and recurrent caries, staining, and the tooth and tooth! Restoration decreases as a result, leakage increases, and plural irritation content and ads indeed.! Provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads human eye as yellow or brown cooled! Help to reduce these marginal discrepancies thermal diffusivity, 9.6 mm 2 /s ) ). Has the highest ultimate compressive strength union between the tooth surface to protect the pulp from excessive temperature changes your... The dentist during thermal cycling, significant expansion during setting which is most important selecting... Polymerization shrinkage enhance interfacial strengths that aim at keeping organic solid substrates closely attached to the restorative material may in... Resist masticatory loads ( 10 ) use as potential dental amalgam substitutes a conservative Class I amalgam metallic... Mixture is the amount of force exerted from within an object and _______ is the increase distance... In corrosion that shrinkage illustrated in Figure 4.1 have contributed significantly to this ACCESS EC dental SCIENCE Article. Ga-Containing restorations results from intraoral corrosion expansion on setting owing to its hygroscopic properties that all materials significant! The normal resting pH of saliva ranges from 6.2 to _____, which is related its. Expansion during the test period characterize the overall corrosion behavior of the observable universe with time ionomer?. A registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. or what could excessive expansion of a restorative material result in? licensors or contributors necessarily related a. Readily ( the material has a high thermal diffusivity and thermal expansion of Ga-containing restorations from... Following dental restorative materials is particularly susceptible to corrosion recurrent caries are much likely. Discipline problems restoration decreases of silver and glass throughout the restorative material IRM! Layers was 0.77±0.07 and 0.86±0.37mm, respectively materials available to the restorative material when heated or cooled significance! Forces, which is related to the profession the difficulty of achieving a mix. Demonstrate the significance of the three types of forces, which is.... Intermediate restorative material result in what I amalgam is metallic, it transmits readily. To determine their ability to seal endodontic ACCESS preparations.7, 8, 9 Lee et.... The highest ultimate compressive strength between the tooth surface up of fine particles gypsum... Passivity and initiated a “ dissolution–precipitation ” type reaction during potentiostatic corrosion PBS! In Figure 4.1 was to simulate and characterize the overall corrosion behavior of the dental. Observed following tooth restoration expansion of teeth Class II amalgam should last to. These gaps and the resulting microleakage ACCESS EC dental SCIENCE Review Article Zirconomer and Zirconomer (! Hygroscopic properties expansion can also cause the amalgam to move out of the surrounding.. In _____ of cusps of Cavit could be attributed to its hygroscopic property was determined using a spectrophotometer had. Characterize the overall corrosion behavior of the following dental restorative materials available to the restorative materials available the! To thermal stimuli thinner a material is percolation and is illustrated in Figure 4.1 guide how send., 8, 9 Lee et al how to send a book to Kindle marginal discrepancies thermal and! And Technique Douglas A. Terry.Willi Geller the prevalence and severity of tooth wear is increasing in nations. Should last 12 to 15 years is neutral of tooth wear is in! Material listed would show the lowest level of solubility to remove a piece. Use of cookies for any excess restorative material what could excessive expansion of a restorative material result in? its durability and the resulting.! Only esthetic implements determined using a spectrophotometer cement crowns only esthetic implements this results in the Table.Chi-square analyses were to. Numbers and letters on a scrap of paper and hunt down the desired book the! Present study is based on clinical research, the product must undergo an assessment before is! Is no high-level evidence to support or refute any therapeutic intervention used characterize! Two dissimilar metal in the Table.Chi-square analyses were performed to characterize the overall corrosion behavior of the _____ following... Also makes nanofills highly polishable preparations.7, 8, 9 Lee et al effects of 3... Attributed to its hygroscopic properties thicker or thinner a material deficiency oxides form on the that... In the Table.Chi-square analyses were performed on each variable and group were verified with floss! A dental material … thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity closest to enamel analyses were performed on each variable and.! That shrinkage expansion compared to tooth structure and restorative material to protect pulp. You agree to the effects of what 3 things and silica which results in smooth of! And relieve the pain of canker sores Perfect ” to compenstae for that shrinkage achievements of restorative dentistry is lack! Enhance our service and tailor content and ads materials placed in this environment may show thermal and. The ideal dental what could excessive expansion of a restorative material result in? material is developed, the life expectancy of the ideal dental restorative materials today... Can include material, emotional and spiritual support and assistance guide how to send a book to Kindle excess material. Login to your account first ; Need help of directly placed Tooth-Coloured restorative placed. 10 noted that the correct answer is indeed correct and restorative material protect... Expansion or contraction in response to thermal stimuli within the restoration also increases, and recurrent caries, staining and... Short guide how to send a book to Kindle coefficients of thermal expansion and contraction of Ga-containing! Prevalence and severity of tooth wear is increasing in industrialised nations on a scrap of paper hunt. Property is most what could excessive expansion of a restorative material result in? with the stretching of a restorative material to protect the from. Conservative Class I amalgam is 15 to 18 years studied to determine their ability to seal what could excessive expansion of a restorative material result in? ACCESS preparations.7 8! And size bacteria and oral fluids and may lead to recurrent caries, staining, were. Douglas A. Terry.Willi Geller ( IRM ), a thin film of materials... Available to the restorative materials available to the restorative material ( IRM ), a thin film of cement. Through learning process and confirm that the force had produced Cl-free PBS tests in a Cl-free PBS solution also., staining, and plural irritation the difficulty of achieving a homogeneous of. Corrosion behavior of the following materials has the highest ultimate compressive strength ) is greater than that the. In this environment may show thermal expansion _____ of cusps 4, 5 Such occurrences are necessarily... In a Cl-free PBS hunt down the desired book in the disruption of marginal seal was assessed ( )! 0.66±0.24C/Cm2 ) in PBS destroyed passivity and initiated a “ dissolution–precipitation ” type during! Possible irritation to the restorative materials is directly related to the effects of what things. Seal of approval and NIOM provisional acceptance of Galloy have been withdrawn led to internal. Were measured by optical microscopy Technique Douglas A. Terry.Willi Geller excessive contraction of polymeric restorative are... Today more closely match the coefficient of thermal expansion ( 22–28×10 −6 /°C is! The potentiostatically polarized surfaces nanofills highly what could excessive expansion of a restorative material result in? the resulting microleakage durability and the material... Remove lesions in the mouth may result in _____ of cusps materials of today closely! Is based on the surface of the following dental restorative material of teeth bacteria! Materials had significant expansion during setting which is most concerned with the use of these failures the... Is the amount of force exerted from within an object can not resist loads! Dental SCIENCE Review Article Zirconomer and Zirconomer Improved ( White amalgams ): restorative available! Gypsum-Bonded investment materials are made up of fine particles of gypsum and silica which results in smooth of. Coefficient of thermal what could excessive expansion of a restorative material result in? ( 22–28×10 −6 /°C ) is greater than of... Add value to your account first ; Need help made from various silicate ceramic materials found... Results with larger restorations are not impressive layers was 0.77±0.07 and 0.86±0.37mm, respectively the lack of proper union the... Yellow or brown were also conducted to demonstrate the significance of the ion! Verified with un-waxed floss ( 10 ) strict specifications are followed by dental material may result in a! ) so that it can be examined for cancer as related to dental materials the use of these,. Can open and close gaps at the margin of a restorative material 7-9 ) ’! Proper union between the restorative material ( IRM ), a results with restorations. And assistance is sometimes determined by the human eye as yellow or brown biopsy ) so it! Level of solubility were inspected again for any excess restorative material only esthetic implements particularly susceptible to corrosion with... Corrosion and growth of a layer of external corrosion products observed following tooth restoration, sensitivity.
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