The Laterani served as administrators for several emperors; their ancestor Lucius Sextius Lateranus is said to have been the first plebeian to attain the rank of consul, in 366 BC. A copy of the equestrian statue is now placed in the centre of the Capitoline Square while the original has been safely preserved for display in the Capitoline Museums. The site was, in ancient times, occupied by the palace of the family of the Laterani. In this work, the cross is Christ. These mosaics were discovered in 1824 and were later removed and used to decorate the Lateran Palace. [4], The pope's palace at the Lateran in Rome was extensively added to in the late eighth century by Pope Hadrian I (772–95) and Pope Leo III (795–816), who built an enormous triclinium. Pope Sixtus V then destroyed what still remained of the ancient palace of the Lateran and erected the present much smaller edifice in its place. Located on St. John's Square in Lateran on the Caelian Hill, the palace is adjacent to the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran, the cathedral church of Rome. Francis and Anthony) It now contains the pontifical museum of Christian antiquities. One of the Laterani, Consul-designate Plautius Lateranus, became famous for being accused by Nero of conspiracy against the emperor. The niche is decorated with mosaics depicting Christ and the Apostles in the centre, Christ with St Sylvester and Constantine on the left and St Peter with Pope Leo III and Charlemagne on the right. The existing structure is not ancient, but a representation of the original mosaics is preserved in a three-part mosaic: In the centre Christ gives their mission to the Apostles; on the left he gives the keys to St. Peter and the Labarum to Constantine; while on the right St. Peter gives the stole to Leo III and the standard to Charlemagne, an image meant to represent the Frankish king's duty to protect the Church. It is officially named the Basilica of the Savior, familiarly called St. John Lateran, from a monastery of St. John formerly nearby. Located on St. John's Square in Lateran on the Caelian Hill, the palace is adjacent to the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran, the cathedral church of Rome. We are again in Eden, as is also suggested by the fact that there are four streams, like the four rivers flowing from Eden in Genesis 2:10-14. The usual familiar name in English is invariably "St John Lateran", and in Italian San Giovanni in Laterano. Hager, June. The Lateran Palace. Leo III, built an enormous Triclinium. The pavement of the basilica dates from Martin V and the … Mosaic in the Tribune of the Triclinium majus from the Palace of S. Giovanni Lateran from 8th century, Mosaics of the Triclinium in the Lateran in Rome, Signed: MKPP, Taf. In 1925 Pius XI established an ethnographic museum devoted to artifacts sent back by missionaries. Apse depicting mosaics from the Triclinium of Pope Leo III in the ancient Lateran Palace. Thus the mosaic labels the river as IORDANES, the Jordan, symbol of Christian baptism. Also from the 13th are the figures of St. Francis and St. Anthony of Padua, who have been shoehorned in to the left of Mary and the right of St. John. Thus, the Basilica remains dedicated to the Savior, and its titular feast is the Transfiguration. The Lateran Palace and basilica have been rededicated twice. The Lateran Treaty, as it came to be called, established the creation of the Stato della Città del Vaticano (Vatican City State), the world's smallest sovereign state. Coordinates: 41°53′11.8″N 12°30′20.7″E / 41.886611°N 12.505750°E / 41.886611; 12.505750, Ancient palace of the Roman Empire and the main papal residence in Rome, The basilica and the palace, which are owned by the, extraterritorial properties of the Holy See, Bishops of Rome under Constantine the Great, Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul, Cardinal Vicar General of His Holiness for the Diocese of Rome, "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Saint John Lateran". Photograph of an eighteenth century reconstruction of the apse of the papal dining room (Triclinium Leoninum) in the old Lateran Palace, Rome. St. John the Lateran Basilica in Rome is the oldest of the four great “patriarchal” basilicas of Rome. An apse lined with mosaics and open to the air still preserves the memory of one of the most famous halls of the ancient palace, the "Triclinium" of Leo III, which was the state banqueting hall. 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